<P>Thomas Hobbes is a towering figure in the history of modern thought and political philosophy. He remains best remembered for his 1651 treatise on government, <EM>Leviathan</EM>, a work that shows at the very best the reasoning skills of a deeply original and creative thinker. </P><P>Creative thinking is all about taking a novel approach to questions and problems ¿ showing them in a new light. When Hobbes was writing Leviathan, the standard approach to understanding (and advocating for) monarchical government was to argue, using Christian theology, that kings and queens gained their power and legitimacy from God. At a time of intense political turmoil in England ¿ with civil war raging from 1642-51 ¿ Hobbes took the original step of basing a political theory upon reason alone, and focusing on human nature. His closely-reasoned arguments made the book a controversial best-seller across Europe at the time of its publication, and it has remained a cornerstone of political theory ever si
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<P>The 85 essays that maker up <EM>The Federalist Papers¿</EM> clearly demonstrate the vital importance of the art of persuasion. Written between 1787 and 1788 by three of the ¿Founding Fathers¿ of the United States, the Papers were...
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Born in Britain in 1737, Thomas Paine had a humble, religious upbringing and very little formal education. The course of his life turned in 1774, when he met the great American statesman Benjamin Franklin in London.
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Rawls' 1971 text links the idea of social justice to a basic sense of fairness that recognizes human rights and freedoms. Controversially, though, it also accepts differences in the distribution of goods and services-as long as they benefit the worst-off...
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<P>¿Reconstruction¿ is the name given to the period that, beginning shortly before the end of the American Civil War and running until 1877, saw the frustration of federal government''s attempts to integrate the newly freed slaves into...
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