Sleepwalking Into A New World Av Chris Wickham

<p>Amid the disintegration of the Kingdom of Italy in the eleventh and twelfth centuries, a new form of collective government¿the commune¿arose in the cities of northern and central Italy. <i>Sleepwalking into a New World</i> takes a bold new look at how these autonomous city-states came about, and fundamentally alters our understanding of one of the most important political and cultural innovations of the medieval world.</p><p>Chris Wickham provides richly textured portraits of three cities¿Milan, Pisa, and Rome¿and sets them against a vibrant backcloth of other towns. He argues that, in all but a few cases, the elites of these cities and towns developed one of the first nonmonarchical forms of government in medieval Europe, unaware that they were creating something altogether new. Wickham makes clear that the Italian city commune was by no means a democracy in the modern sense, but that it was so novel that outsiders did not know what to make of it. He describes how, as the old order

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