<P>In the Qing period (1644¿1912), China''s population tripled, and the flurry of new development generated unprecedented demand for timber. Standard environmental histories have often depicted this as an era of reckless deforestation, akin to the resource misuse that devastated European forests at the same time. This comprehensive new study shows that the reality was more complex: as old-growth forests were cut down, new economic arrangements emerged to develop renewable timber resources.</P><P>Historian Meng Zhang traces the trade routes that connected population centers of the Lower Yangzi Delta to timber supplies on China''s southwestern frontier. She documents innovative property rights systems and economic incentives that convinced landowners to invest years in growing trees. Delving into rare archives to reconstruct business histories, she considers both the formal legal mechanisms and the informal interactions that helped balance economic profit with environmental management. O
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It is arguable that the most important event in the world economy in recent decades has been the rise of China. This Element summarizes results from the national representative China Household Income Project (CHIP) for the period 1988 to 2018. This title...
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<p>Alan and Tom are local daredevils. Can they skateboard down Mount Taylor?</p><p>In this <strong>Little Alan</strong> adventure, Alan and Tom discover they need a bit more practice.</p><p>'<strong>Little...
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How states develop the capacity to tax is a question of fundamental importance to political science, legal theory, economics, sociology, and history. Increasingly, scholars believe that China''s relative economic decline in the 18th and 19th...
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<P>Zhang analyses the phenomenon of private supplementary tutoring from a global perspective. The expansion of such tutoring alongside schooling is among the striking global shifts since the turn of the century. In many countries over half of the...
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